Several Sultanates on the Comoros, an archipelago in the Indian Ocean with an ethnically complex mix, were founded after the introduction of Islam into the area in the 15th century. Other uses depending on the island could also be styled fani, mfaume and ntibe. Unlike sultans in many other Arab nations, these sultans had little real power. At one time alone on the island of Ndzuwani or Nzwani (today Anjouan), 40 fanis and other chiefs shared power of the island; Ngazidja (today Grand Comore) was at many times divided into 11 sultanates. This article addresses the major ones.
The term Shirazis (derived from the former Persian capital Shiraz) is not a Sultanic title, but (in some dynasties?) a reference to Iranian roots.
The historical sultanates based the following five cities have been collectively proposed as a UNESCO World Heritage site:
They have not yet been inscribed as
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| Reign (start) | Reign (end) | Name | Variations | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| c. 1676 | c. 1711 | Alimah III | First known ruler and female ruler of Anjouan. | |
| c. 1711 | c. 1741 | Salim | ||
| c. 1741 | c.1782 | Saidi Ahamd | ||
| c. 1782/1792 | c. 1788/1796 | Abdallah I | Alimiah | She ruled as a defacto ruler twice. |
| c.1788 | c.1792 | Halimah | ||
| c.1796 | c.1816 | Alawi bin Husain | Mwinye Fani | |
| c.1816/ 1833 | c.1832/1836 | Abdallah II bin Alawi | ||
| c.1832 | c.1833 | Ali bin Salim | ||
| c.1836 | c.1837 | Saidi Alawi bin Abdallah | ||
| c.1837 | c.1852 | Salim bin Alawi | ||
| c.1852 | c.1891 | Saidi Abdallah bin Salim | ||
| c.1891 | c.1891 | Salim bin Abdalla | ||
| c.1891 | c.1892 | Saidi Omar bin Saidi Hasan | ||
| c.1892 | c.1912 | Saidi Mohamed bin Saidi Omar |
| Reign (start) | Reign (end) | Name | Variations | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| c. ??? | c. ??? | Ngoma Mrahafu | ||
| c. ??? | c. ??? | Mwasi Pirusa | ||
| c. ??? | c. ??? | Fum Mbavu Inkwaba | ||
| c. ??? | c. ??? | Mwenye Mji wa Mwenye Mambo | ||
| c.??? | c.??? | Inye wa Mantsi | ||
| c.??? | c.??? | Mwenye Mji wa Mwanze | ||
| c.??? | c.??? | Tambavu mna Muhame wa Saidi | ||
| c.??? | c.??? | Tambavu Inkwaba | ||
| c.?? | c.??? | Fum Nau wa Kori Dozi | He was the first ruler of Bamboa to be given the title (Sultan) Tibe, i.e. Paramount ruler of the island. | |
| c.??? | c.??? | Mwenye Mji wa Mvunza Panga | ||
| c.??? | c.??? | Mla Nau | Second ruler with the hegemonic title Sultan tibe. | |
| c.?? | c.?? | Fozi Wa | ||
| c.??? | c.??? | Suja Oma Inkwaba | ||
| c.??? | c.??? | Nyau wa Faume | First remale ruler of Bamboa. | |
| c.??? | c.??? | Nyau wa Faume | First remale ruler of Bamboa. | |
| c.??? | c.??? | Bamba Oma wa Ju Mamba | He ruled a second after Ahmed bin Shekhe Ngome's first ruling period. | |
| c.??? | c.??? | Ahmed bin Shekhe Ngome | The fourth ruler to styled Sultan tibe. He ruled a second time after Mamba's brief second ruling period which was then again interrupted by a brief period of rule under Saidi Bakari followed by his third ruling period. (A possible explanation is a period of anarchy with multiple rulers). | |
| c.??? | c.??? | Saidi Bakari | ||
| c.??? | c.??? | Mwenye Mambo | ||
| c.??? | c.??? | Ju Mamba | ||
| c.???/1874? | c.???/??? | Mohamed bin Ahmed | He ruled twice in the 1800s the second time after Abdallah bin Saidi Hamza's first ruling period. | |
| c.??? | c.??? | |||
| c.??? | c.??? | |||
| c.??? | c.??? | |||
| c.??? | c.??? | |||
| c.??? | c.??? | |||
| c.??? | c.??? |
Styled "Mfalme"
Fey Owa Mbaya
Fey Mwenza
Fey Jumbe
Ju Mwamba Pirusa
Zombe Ilingo
Nguzo waInehili
Tibe waKanzu
Mkongo
Mna Musa Hibu
Muhammadi Saidi
Mvunza Panga
Fey Beja waWabeja(f)
Fum Nau waKori Dozi
Fey Fumu
Bwana Fumu
Fey Fumu(2nd time)
Bwana Fumu(2nd time)
Fey Fumu(3rd time)
Fum Mbavu
Musa Fumu waFey Fumu(d.c.1883)
Tibe Bamba
Musa Fumu waFey Fumu(2nd time)(d.c.1883)
Tibe Bamba(2nd time)
Musa Fumu waFey Fumu(3rd time)(d.c.1883)
Tibe Bamba (3rd time)
Musa Fumu waFey Fumu (4th time)(d.c.1883)
Tibe Bamba (4th time)
Kalega
Styled "Mfalme"
Mahame Msahi
Fozi waMahame
Mbantsi
Ju Mambu Madi waMusa Fumu
Jumbe Fumu Mfaume waDomba(possibly ruled jointly with Kori Dazi)
Kori Dazi
Jumbe Fumu Mfaume waDomba(as sole Mfalme)
Tambavu waJumbe Fumu
Fozi
Suja Fumu Mbamba(possibly ruled jointly with Mba Fumu wa Jumbe Fumu)
Mba Fumu waJumbe Fumu
Mba Fumu waTambwe(possibly ruled jointly with Jumbe Fumu wa Jumbe Mfumu)
Jumbe Fumu waJumbe Mfumu
Mbandhi waBwana Haji(possibly ruled jointly with Abdallah bin Ahmad)
Abdallah bin Ahmed
Bwana Fumu(reign ended c.1886)
Styled "Mfalme"
Mwenye Bamba I
Bamba Jumbe
Tambe Mbafu waFum Nau
Ju Mamba Oma waMba Nau
Mwambatsi, co-Ruler with Mfalme Ju Mamba Oma waMba Nau
Mwenye Bamba II
Bamba Oma
Suja Oma waTambwe, co-Ruler with Mfalme Bamba Oma
Shekani, co-Ruler with Mfalme Bamba Oma
Fumu Oma
Oma waDari, co-Ruler with Mfalme Fumu Oma(d1884)
Ja Mhaba(f)
Hashimu bin Ahmed(d1889)
Hadija bint Ahmed(f)
Hashimu bin Ahmed(2nd time)(d1889)
1886-89 uncertain Mfalme or interregnum
Hashimu bin Ahmed(3rd time)(d1889)
Styled "Mfalme"
Beja Mbuyuni
Nau waMigira
Nau waMoro
Fumu Nau
Yasi Azi
Demani Mtango
Fumu Jimba waIdimani
Mahdi Jimbwa waTangwe
Dari waMba Nau, co-Ruler with Mfalme Mahdi Jimbwa waTangwe
Jumbe Fumu waSuja Oma Inkwaba
Suja Oma waTambwe
Mrunda Mijo
Fey Mwando waTambwe, co-Ruler with Mfalme Mrunda Mijo
Bamba Oma waJumamba
Tambwe waHinye
Abudu bin Mohamed bin Sultani
Bamba Oma waOma, co-Ruler with Mfalme Abudu bin Mohamed bin Sultani
Styled "Mfalme"
Nye Hila
Haji waNo Fumu
Suja Oma Mshinda Kodo
Jumbe Fumu Madi
Bwana Haji Musa
Simai
Dari Oma
Fumu Oma waNasiri
Suja Oma waFumu
Mba Fumu waBwana Haji
Suja Oma Bwana
The Sultan was also styled mfalme; no known incumbent (nor dates).
The Sultan was also styled mfalme; the only known incumbent (no dates) was: Bwana Fumu.
Sultans (also styled mfalme) (no dates available):
The Sultan was also styled mfalme; the only known incumbent (no dates) was: Febeja Mambwe.
Styled "Mfalme"
Mohama Mdume waBeja
Fey Zinda waMawana
Fey Zinda waMakasara
Tambwe Musa Fumu
Tambwe waHabadi(possibly co-Ruler with Mfalme Tambwe Musa Fumu)
Jumbe Fumu waMbala Bwani
Tambwe No Fumu waMba Nau(b1730's-d1815)
Jumwamba Mwenye Majini
Mba Fumu waSuja Fumu Bamba
Shekhe Salim(possibly co-Ruler with Mfalme Mba Fumu waShuja Fumu Bamba)
Mavunzanga
Tibe Mbe
Abudu
1830-1842 Ramanetaka (also Abderremane)(d. 1842)
1842-1865 Raketaka Jombe Sudy (f)(1st time)(c.1836-1878) (after 1851, Jumbe Fatima bint Abderremane)
1842-26.5.1849 Regency (Rovao(f),Tsivandini(through 1847))
9.1865-1874 Mohamed bin Saidi Hamadi Makadara (c.1859-1874)
9.1865-1868 Jumbe Fatima bint Abderremane(f), Regent (1st time) (c.1836-1878)
1868-1.1871 Joseph Lambert, Duc d'Imerina, Regent (1824–1873)
1.1871-1874 Jumbe Fatima bint Abderremane(f), Regent(2nd time)(c.1836-1878)
1874-1878 Jumbe Fatima bint Abderremane (f)(2nd time)(c.1836-1878)
1878-1885 Abderremane bin Saidi Hamadi Makadara (c.1860-1885)
1885-1886 Mohammed Shekhe (b. c.1830)
1886-1888 Marjani bin Abudu Shekhe (b. c.1851)
1888-1909 Salima Machamba bint Saidi Hamadi Makadara (f)(never acceeded)(1874–1964)
1888-1889 Regents (Fadeli bin Othman, Balia Juma(f), Abudu Tsivandini)
1889-1897 Mahmudu bin Mohamed Makadara, Regent (1863–1898)
1909 French colony of Moheli
(incomplete?; most material still to be worked in)
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